CRONOLOGIA- ARGENTINA

1946: 1er gobierno de Perón. (Partido Justicialista--"peronismo")

1951: Perón es reelegido.

1952: Muere Eva Duarte ("Evita")

1955: golpe de estado. Perón se exilia en Paraguay, Panamá y finalmente se establece en España bajo la protección de Franco.

1961: se casa con Isabel María Estela Martínez.


1969: Ejército del Pueblo (ERP)

1970 (aprx.):se forman los Montoneros (from the confluence of Roman Catholic groups with Social Studies students' groups and with left-wing supporters of Juan Domingo Perón). Their best-known leader was Mario Firmenich. The Montoneros hoped that Perón would return from exile in Francoist Spain and transform Argentina into a "Socialist Fatherland".(!!)

25 de mayo 1973: elecciones. Gana el representante de Perón, Héctor Cámpora (peronista de
izquierda)

20 de junio 1973: Perón regresa a Argentina. (Masacre de Ezeiza: Right-wingers and Montoneros clashed at Perón's homecoming ceremony during the June 20, 1973 Ezeiza massacre, leaving 13 dead and more than 300 wounded.)

julio 1973: renuncia el presidente. Se hacen nuevas elecciones, gana Perón.

octubre 1973: empieza a gobernar Perón con Isabel Martínez como vicepresidenta.

[A feud developed between right-wing Peronists and the Montoneros. The right wing of the Peronist party, the unions, and the Radical Party led by Ricardo Balbín, favoured a social pact between trade unions and employers rather than a violent socialist revolution. Perón supported the unions, the radicals led by Ricardo Balbín and the right-wing Peronists, among whom José López Rega, founder of the Alianza Anticomunista Argentina ("Triple A") death squad]

mayo 1974: the Montoneros were expelled from the Justicialist movement by Perón. However, the Montoneros waited until after the death of Perón in July 1974 to react, with the exception of the assassination of José Ignacio Rucci, general secretary of the CGT (General Confederation of Labour) on September 25, 1973, and some other military actions.
The Montoneros claimed to have what they called the "social revolutionary vision of authentic Peronism" and started guerrilla operations against the government. In the government the more radically right-wing factions quickly took control; Isabel Perón, President since Juan Perón's death, was essentially a figurehead under the influence of former federal police corporal José López Rega.
July 15, 1974: Montoneros assassinated Arturo Mor Roig, a former foreign minister. In September, in order to finance their operations, they kidnapped two members of the Bunge and Born business family. They demanded and received as ransom $60 million in cash and $1.2 million worth of food and clothing to be given to the poor.
The Triple A under López Rega's auspices began hunting down, kidnapping, and killing the Montoneros and members of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP) as well as other leftist militant groups, or anyone in general considered a leftist subversive, be it deputies or lawyers.
julio, 1974: muere Perón. Asume la presidencia su tercera esposa, Isabel Martínez. Principal asesor: López Rega ("el Brujo"--creador de la Triple A, impulsor de la "guerra sucia")

24 marzo, 1976: golpe de estado, junta militar (Jorge Rafael Videla , Emilio Eduardo Massera y Orlando Agosti). Se inicia el llamado Proceso de Reorganización Nacional ("el Proceso")

1981: Videla retired and General Roberto Eduardo Viola replaced him, but nine months later, Viola stepped down for health reasons, and General Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri took the post.

1982: the Argentine military invaded the British-controlled Falkland Islands, in a desperate attempt to gather the population around this war, lifting patriotic spirit. The junta was quickly defeated by the British, led by Margaret Thatcher, who retook the islands. The loss of the war led to the resignation of Galtieri on June 17 of the same year and a third (and last) junta was placed in power under a new president, Reynaldo Bignone.

1983: fin de la dictadura. Democracy returned with Raúl Alfonsín, who created the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP) on 15 December 1983.

1985: CONADEP--Informe: "Nunca más"

Juicio a las Juntas (Trial of the Juntas) largely succeeded in proving the crimes of the various juntas which had formed the self-styled National Reorganization Process. Most of the top officers who were tried were sentenced to life imprisonment: Jorge Rafael Videla, Emilio Eduardo Massera, Roberto Eduardo Viola, Armando Lambruschini, Raúl Agosti, Rubén Graffigna, Leopoldo Galtieri, Jorge Anaya and Basilio Lami Dozo.

1986 Ley de Punto Final

1987 Ley de Obediencia Debida.

1989–1990: President Carlos Menem pardoned the leaders of the junta and the surviving commanders of the armed leftist guerrilla organizations.

2005: Following persistent activism by the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and other associations, the amnesty laws were overturned by the Argentine Supreme Court nearly twenty years later, in June 2005.